{
  "benchmark": "B2-cost-to-trade",
  "asset": "SOL",
  "description": "Daily total one-way taker cost (bps) to market-buy $10,000 of SOL per US crypto exchange: published taker fee + measured half-spread + measured slippage. One record per UTC day.",
  "unit": "basis_points",
  "primary_size_usd": 10000,
  "generated_utc": "2026-09-03T22:08:41.455914+00:00",
  "history": [
    {
      "date": "2026-07-10",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-10T22:08:30.724344+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 62.05,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.282,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 81.56,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.641,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 124.31,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.32,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.57,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.192,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 7.6,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.641,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-11",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-11T22:08:29.450374+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 60.86,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.64,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 80.73,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.64,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 121.13,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.32,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.11,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.064,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 6.35,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.92,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-12",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-12T22:08:44.298354+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 61.95,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.652,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 81.95,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.652,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 123.73,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.391,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.69,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.521,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 6.55,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.652,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-13",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-13T22:08:33.907827+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 61.73,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.671,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 81.34,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.342,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 120.96,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.067,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.34,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.268,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 6.14,
          "half_spread_bps": 2.013,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-14",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-14T22:08:34.624769+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 61.95,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.648,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 80.65,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.648,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 122.05,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.194,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.4,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.389,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 3.72,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.296,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-15",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-15T22:08:31.566777+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 61.29,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.291,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 80.65,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.646,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 123.46,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.129,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.82,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.129,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 4.62,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.291,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-16",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-16T14:08:34.399980+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 61.46,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.306,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 81.95,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.653,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 122.38,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.065,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.81,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.131,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 7.81,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.653,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-18",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-18T22:08:31.890459+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 61.41,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.663,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 80.66,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.663,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 123.37,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.133,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.23,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.066,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 5.24,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.325,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-19",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-19T22:08:30.004918+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 60.66,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.66,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 80.66,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.66,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 127.4,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.066,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.26,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.132,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 7.06,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.979,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-20",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-20T22:08:34.799560+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 61.29,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.287,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 80.64,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.644,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 123.04,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.064,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.15,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.064,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 5.16,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.644,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-21",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-21T22:08:43.693053+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 61.2,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.641,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 81.67,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.641,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 123.12,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.064,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.62,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.449,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 6.79,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.641,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-22",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-22T22:08:35.831059+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 60.64,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.641,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 80.64,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.641,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 124.41,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.385,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.06,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.064,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 6.98,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.282,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-23",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-23T22:08:29.589359+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 61.95,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.658,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 80.67,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.658,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 123.76,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.25,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.65,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.066,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 4.21,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.315,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-24",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-24T22:08:34.748632+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 61.86,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.678,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 81.36,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.357,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 123.31,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.068,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.11,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.068,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 7.4,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.357,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-25",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-25T22:08:33.815349+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 60.67,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.672,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 81.06,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.672,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 125.25,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.336,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.37,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.134,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 6.07,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.672,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-26",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-26T22:08:28.650553+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 61.8,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.658,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 81.94,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.658,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 123.2,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.132,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.31,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.066,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 6.77,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.658,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-27",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-27T22:08:29.953305+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 61.9,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.327,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 82.36,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.327,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 123.02,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.531,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.07,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.066,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 7.97,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.664,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-28",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-28T22:08:34.830018+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 61.64,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.675,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 80.67,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.675,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 122.39,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.27,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.32,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.067,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 4.93,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.675,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-29",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-29T22:08:32.200791+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 60.7,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.68,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 83.24,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.68,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 125.49,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.68,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.34,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.068,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 5.34,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.36,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-30",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-30T22:08:30.345170+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 61.73,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.67,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 82.9,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.67,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 123.34,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.067,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.19,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.067,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 7.23,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.339,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-31",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-07-31T22:08:30.929974+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 61.37,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.374,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 81.99,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.687,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 124.37,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.069,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.53,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.069,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 6.5,
          "half_spread_bps": 2.061,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-08-01",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-08-01T22:08:29.218287+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 61.87,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.696,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 80.7,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.696,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 120.07,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.07,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.49,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.209,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 4.56,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.695,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-08-02",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-08-02T22:08:32.498468+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 62.0,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.676,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 81.9,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.676,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 124.9,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.203,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.54,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.541,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 6.85,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.676,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-08-03",
      "timestamp_utc": "2026-08-03T22:08:32.343277+00:00",
      "region": "us-east",
      "venues": {
        "coinbase": {
          "total_cost_bps": 61.95,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.681,
          "label": "Coinbase"
        },
        "kraken": {
          "total_cost_bps": 80.68,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.681,
          "label": "Kraken"
        },
        "gemini": {
          "total_cost_bps": 123.74,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.613,
          "label": "Gemini"
        },
        "bitstamp": {
          "total_cost_bps": 40.19,
          "half_spread_bps": 0.068,
          "label": "Bitstamp"
        },
        "binanceus": {
          "total_cost_bps": 5.7,
          "half_spread_bps": 1.363,
          "label": "Binance.US"
        }
      }
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}